Housed in the austere, medieval-era Palazzo Castellani, this museum dedicated to the history of science holds a rich collection of old scientific instruments. A significant portion of the exhibits comes from the collections of the Medici and Habsburg-Lorraine families; as of the Renaissance, they had a humanist desire for all fields of knowledge and were particularly passionate about science. Note in particular Room 4 on the first floor, which houses Galileo memorabilia, and Room 12 on the second floor, which is devoted to mechanical timepieces and automatons, en vogue in the 18C.