With its pavilions, courtyards and pools, the Temple of Literature has a delightful and peaceful atmosphere. Founded in 1070, the temple was dedicated to the Chinese philosopher Confucius, whose teachings advocated moral propriety. Here, and in the nearby Quoc Tu Giam (national college), the elite were prepared for key positions of power. 82 steles listing the names of the students who passed the exams have survived and can be seen in the third courtyard, surmounted on stone tortoises.